Importance of Smartphone Security in Business Environment

Significance of Smartphone Security in Business Environment 1.0 Introduction The reason for this archive is to uncover a business issue from an innovative perspective. The subject of the business issue I have chosen is cell phone security. This subject will be examined and basically assessed, at that point developed further to mirror the scope of potential arrangements and bring issues to light of the hazard and need of cell phone security. 1.1 Aims and targets Points Make a legitimate report with suggestions to bring issues to light and illuminate organizations for the need regarding more noteworthy versatile security inside the business condition. Use knowledge to set up an examination hole. Fundamental goals Evaluate brilliant cell phones as of now utilized. Examine security favorable circumstances and detriments of brilliant cell phones. Set up what dangers brilliant cell phones are presented to. Assess effect of hazard uncovered by unbound cell phones to organizations. Inspect versatile security as of now accessible. Explore duty Assess current business arrangements and systems for cell phones and how these can be implemented. Build cell phone security direct with proposals for organizations. 1.2 Problem proclamation The issue is data and money related misfortune because of data robbery or detachment from noxious programming, and the inconvenient effect this has upon the business. An ongoing report from Gartner (reference report) demonstrates that deals of cell phones have developed exponentially and organizations are receiving the rewards picked up from cell phones, anyway their utilization likewise makes security dangers and open doors for cybercriminals. There are numerous kinds of data that can be put away on cell phones for instance, by and by recognizable data as personality accreditations, email, SMS and MMS messages, GPS organizes, passwords, organization archives and availability get to data to organization servers as only a portion of the models. Data security includes increased critical incentive inside the business area over the previous decade anyway this worth stays emotional (why abstract? What's more, esteem relating to what?). Clients have been made mindful of the dangers presented by malevolent programming while utilizing their PC on the web, presently assistive innovation like keen cell phones are getting progressively increasingly incredible, useful and omnipresent. Where PCs have probably some security programming set up as standard, cell phones usually have no security programming introduced as a norm and are defenseless to (Malware, Viruses, trojans,etc-models please ;)) precisely the same dangers as to PCs. Organizations, experts and individual clients currently have a more noteworthy mindfulness for the need of PC security. This has been given by media inclusion, venture preparing or through close to home understanding. When utilizing a PC or PC for instance, it is entirely expected to discover a firewall and antivirus programming introduced demonstrating that web wellbeing has now become a social commonality. â€Å"†¦Smartphones are more remarkable than supercomputers were a couple of years prior, and we are placing them in the possession of individuals whove never had anything like it. Google CEO Eric Schmidt As Schmidt states cell phones are inescapable gadgets, laborers ordinarily need preparing on these gadgets as they are multifunctional and except if individuals know about the dangers these gadgets represent the results can be hindering on the business. Todays associations depend intensely upon data innovation so as to permit their business to work (Khosrowpour, 2001). This is on a very basic level because of how multifaceted data innovation frameworks are installed into associations. Cell phones give organizations numerous new chances (clearing articulation what openings and is this your sentiment/referencing?) anyway these open doors gave by cell phones exist not only for business and individual clients as the open door stretches out to cybercriminals as well. Malware is one of the most widely recognized wellsprings of security disappointments inside organizations right now (clearing proclamation generally regular as indicated by who?), they have indistinguishable capacities from PCs and are utilized inside business situations in a similar way, anyway they are ordinarily unbound and depend entirely upon the standard out-of-the-container security highlights with no antivirus or firewall present. There are various versatile working frameworks for savvy cell phones requiring distinctive security applications. The working frameworks and the dangers related will be painstakingly dissected. The expectations of this paper are to research what effects savvy cell phones can have on organizations, why these issues influence the association, and how they are survived. At long last, understanding will be accumulated and suggestions made with the goal that organizations can use to anticipate and forestall future superfluous expenses and hazard. 2.0 Literature audit The focal point of the subject proposed for this venture is an undeniable world business and data innovation issue. Cell phone security is a conspicuous expected issue for the two people and organizations as most cell phone clients including organizations and instructive foundations don't have a particular arrangements set up to defend from cell phone security related issues. Since cell phone security is still in its early stages, it will be a test to source precise and significant data from legitimate sources, for example, ‘Emerald without depending on electronic exploration. Be that as it may, the more this undertaking progresses cell phone security in the media is getting ubiquitous. For the undertaking a study will be proposed so as to pick up information for seeing how mindful clients are for the need of cell phone security. This overview will focus whatever number members as would be prudent so as to assemble suitable essential proof. Meetings will be directed with experts in the field of cell phones and security, for example, police work force, security consultants and cell phone shop staff to discover levels of security preparing, open security writing and information. Legitimate data sources will be utilized to increase specialized data straightforwardly from produces, sites and retail outlets, for example, Apple, Android, Research In Motion, Nokia and Microsoft for documentation on cell phones and cell phone stages. Just specialized data will be utilized from these sources for what it's worth in makers interests to sell their items Investigation of the study will be finished utilizing factual examination apparatuses including IBMs ‘SPSS, ‘SPSS Text Analysis programming and increasingly current measurable examination electronic methods, for example, MarketSight. MarketSight is a facilitated research information detailing condition open by the web and just accessible through the web program Microsoft adventurer though SPSS is programming legitimately introduced onto a PC. ‘Malware: the new legitimate hazard the paper composed by Verine Etsebeth in 2007 has significant source material for this undertaking. Gained from Emerald Insight, it is truly reasonable to this task as it features the danger of malware and dangers presented to organizations. It is elegantly composed and definitive anyway Emerald indicated it was novel as no such archive has been distributed already. Most of sources utilized by Etsebeth are from Harley, D; Slade, R and Gattiker, U. Etsebeth references Viruses Revealed (McGraw-Hill, New York, NY 2001) This source is perceived and trusted inside the business all in all and is viewed as definitive and all around reported on its own legitimacy. This paper centers around the lawful and expert ramifications of malware on organizations in South Africa Etsebeths old neighborhood. This paper is entirely appropriate for this task as it is a very elegantly composed and definitive report, most of sources utilized by Etsebeth are from Harley, D., Slade, R. what's more, Gattiker, U. (2001) Viruses Revealed, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. The source utilized by Etsebeth ‘Viruses Revealed as a very much archived definitive record distributed by McGraw-Hill, a perceived confided in source. Etsebeth is a senior instructor in the Faculty of law work in the regions of law and data security. Despite the fact that Etsebeths paper ‘Malware: the new lawful hazard is exceptionally reasonable as far as subjective data, it needs appropriate geographic law for the extent of my undertaking. I will utilize the data gave by Etsebeth to Malware, as this data isn't geologically bound, and break down the legitimate ramifications subsequent to contrasting them with UK law. Etsebth features that organizations are hesitant to report cybercrimes as it has negative ramifications on the companys notoriety this relates to my speculation. ‘Understanding the spreading examples of cell phone infections by Pu Wang, Marta Gonzalez, Cesar Hidalgo and Albert-laszlo Barabasi is a specialized diary dependent on cell phone infection demonstrating and the comprehension of spreading designs. The diary was distributed in 2009 and explores different versatile stages identifying with my task anyway the record is a profoundly specialized report dependent on the science of infection spreading designs, I see this report as exceptionally edifying anyway because of the specialized attention to the objective peruser of my task I accept this report to be excessively specialized and out of degree. Definitive data straightforwardly from fabricates sites and retail outlets will be utilized including Apple, Android, Research In Motion, Nokia and Microsoft for documentation on cell phones and cell phone stages as this will permit me to get to exact and ebb and flow solid data legitimately. Optional data sources will be maintained a strategic distance from where conceivable, for example, web journals and survey sites for direct cell phone specialized data as these sorts of assets may encourage in giving erroneous realities. Nearby cell phone ret

A Picture of Stereotypes free essay sample

I sat without anyone else, leg over leg on my botanical designed blanket, encompassed by a variety of various volumes of yearbooks that I had gathered over my life. I would air out the spine of each, to peer at the lustrous cleaned pictures portraying all that I needed to be-really, certain, and †¦white. In the July of 1995 I went to the United States, a wriggling multi month-old heap of fat Asian infant, totally ignorant that I had been given another life, new character, and a family. This acknowledgment was a burdening procedure and didn't hit me with its full power until I arrived at center school. I don't have the foggiest idea whether it was the staggering surge of young tension, or plenty of imbalanced hormones, however I turned out to be intensely mindful that I was received and not white. In class I would feel the cliché gazes and hear the remarks about how I ought to be acceptable at math, and eat rice. I needed to shout to my friends, â€Å"That’s not me! Truth be told, you likely have more information on Asian societies than me!† However, I never did. Notwithstanding, I decided that in the event that everybody just observes me Asian, at that point I would turn into the most cliché Asian young lady that I might be. From now on, during my initial two years in secondary school I started to concentrate intensely on both math and science courses. I took quickened science and avoided ahead into a distinctions math class an evaluation above me. Nonetheless, I immediately understood that these subjects were not for me. In spite of the fact that I rushed to push these sentiments off of my mind and attempted to continue down an increasingly specialized field-a more â€Å"Asian† field, or so I accepted. As per my overwhelming specialized calendar I likewise took up band and joined the mechanical technology group for a year. Be that as it may, when it came down to reality, where it counts I didn't appreciate whatever I was associated with other then my band class and my recently settled network administration clubs, for example, 4-H c lub and Key club. My evaluations started to experience the ill effects of my absence of enthusiasm for the subjects of my group and I started to get discouraged by attempting to fit into the shape that I had made for myself. I was befuddled. I was clashed. The main things that I felt energy towards were my restricted time in band and barely any network administration clubs. However, those things were not delegated fitting the â€Å"Asian† form however. Actually, these things would isolate me from my companions once more. I would not be acknowledged by other Asian companions since I didn't have indistinguishable social encounters from they did, and I would kept on being tormented go into this shape by every other person. I felt as if I was carrying on with a real existence wherein I didn't fit into any job. Notwithstanding, as time start to pass and my anxiety started to gradually decrease, I was hit with a surprising acknowledgment. My companions that would menace me with their racial slurs, and cliché comments didn't characterize me. That when the domineering jerks would disclose to me that I was a â€Å"fake Asian† or that I â€Å"needed to return to where I came from,† they were all causing me to pick between two choices an Asian ladies or a Non-Asian ladies. Furthermore, all things considered, I was not either. I was only just me. An understudy that has enthusiasm for administration and network commitment, a person that feels a mind-boggling feeling of obligation to offer back to the world in any capacity she can. A one of a kind ladies that had a staggering adoration for the humanities, composing, and sociologies. With freshly discovered trust in both my interests and myself, I entered my lesser year of secondary school with a newly discovered energy. I immediately balanced my timetable to mirror my ideal advantages with an overwhelming spotlight on English classes and immediately took up initiative situations in band and 4-H. Also, without precedent for my life, I found that I was surpassing all desires, I immediately rose to the highest points of my classes and turned my evaluations around-inevitably prompting a 4.0 in my senior year classes. In like manner, I found that one should initially choose what her interests are before she can genuinely prevail in school and life. That when energy and veritable intrigue are joined, a feeling of self-esteem grows rapidly thereafter, driving towards acknowledgment in all fields (merit, proficient world, and initiative chances). Before the finish of my secondary school profession I had been given gigantic chances, both in and outside of school. I had been given a tip top job as an area chief in my walking band for a long time, been casted a ballot a band committee part and tutor, and established and drove a clarinet ensemble that put first at a state rivalry. Similarly, I had committed various hours to my 4-H bunch in both chosen official jobs, network commitment at a food cover, and was granted the name of 4-H All Star as acknowledgment for my devotion and work. Subsequently, in light of my newly discovered enthusiasm for the humanities in school, I had the option to raise my G.P.A. up to graduate Magna Cum Laude and be acknowledged into Michigan State University’s Honor College. I had discovered my way throughout everyday life and school. Despite the fact that from the start a battle, I had defeated friend tormenting, social desires, and my most noticeably awful foe my very own character emergency b eing an Asian adoptee. My way to progress was rarely simple. I needed to confront numerous long periods of companion separation, however I have discovered that social and individual molds should be broken and individuals ought not be bound to the generalizations that exist in this present reality. Subsequently, I have chosen to dedicate my life to others that are feeling the limits of generalizations or others desires. This mid year I will do an investigation abroad in Mali, working with exchange compromise to help the individuals of the nation ascend and rout the generalizations that have tailed them since they are an underdeveloped nation. Moreover, because of additional work and an overwhelming green beans plan; I have gotten enough attributes to move to junior standing, my first year in school, where I realize that I am one bit nearer to satisfying my fantasy turning into a human rights legal advisor. I need to battle for those that are being harassed by the limitations of an out of line world. To mayb e allow kids to be embraced, such as myself, so they also can follow their interests and surpass all generalizations, limitations, or individuals attempting to keep them down. I no longer gaze at my old yearbooks, wishing that I was another person lovely, compatriot, and white. No. Presently I realize that there is nobody better, progressively wonderful, all the more moving and energetic, increasingly exceptional, or fruitful at that point acting naturally. I am not, at this point an image of generalizations or of a befuddled adoptee. I am not, at this point an image, not, at this point a level one-measurement counterfeit grin. I am a balanced, fruitful, enthusiastic person that presently realizes that nothing can stop her.

Guide to CPW Logistics and Planning

Guide to CPW Logistics and Planning Note: this post has been updated from the 2016 CPW mini-guide for the Class of 2020 (3), now with fewer minions memes. CPW 2018 is next week!!! We are thrilled to meet and host you, Class of 2022! GET HYPE!!! For the past week, our inboxes have been filled with CPW reminders and requests to help with events. We got our prefrosh hosting assignments, and everyone thinks they will have the best guest. The magic algorithm that matches visitors to hosts definitely works. Now, for us, CPW is a familiar event. The excitement of the new Class exploring MIT is extremely contagious. Campus feels festive. We get to meet new people. There’s free food. However, many of you may be plagued with logistical travel and planning issues. What should you pack for the four fun-filled days? How do you pick a reasonable fraction of the 700+ events to attend? I was definitely one of the more anxious pre-frosh two years ago, so I figured it might be helpful to post a Mini-Guide to CPW for your final hours of prep. And if I miss something, feel free to ask additional questions in the comments or email [emailprotected] directly. Also make sure to visit admitted.mit.edu/experience for the official logistical information. Below you will find information on: 1) Packing, 2) Living Arrangements, 3) Strategy, and 4) Event Recommendations. 1. PACKING Packing is a familiar concern. First, ask your host if you need to bring a sleeping bag. Chances are, your host will have an air mattress or a sleeping bag of their own. Once the sleeping surface issue has been clarified, here are things you should bring: One carry-on bag and/or backpack. Travel light. A carry-on suitcase with a backpack is the max reasonable load, especially if you don’t need to bring a sleeping bag. Space in the room might be limited, especially if your host’s roommate is also hosting someone, so don’t bring a full-sized suitcase unless you absolutely have to. Space in the bag. Ok, not really something you can bring, but be aware that you’ll probably get loads of free swag over the weekendâ€"anything from cups and t-shirts to books and toys. Clothing. This one’s the most challenging decision. The weathers been crazy recently. Fortunately, the weather forecast predicts a warm and dry CPW. Still, remember that you’ll be out exploring both during the day and at night, so bring a jacket, preferably with a hood. Youll only be here for four days, but try bringing more than four changes of clothing. Things can get a bit messy. Lastly, you’ll be moving a lot. Bring your most comfortable and least fancy clothing and shoes.   Towels and other toiletries. Pretty self-explanatory. You’ll need to take a shower and stuff at some point. Sleeping stuff. Again, this is something you should discuss with your host. Do you need a sleeping surface? A pillow? A blanket? Is the room going to be steamy or chilly? What NOT to bring: Homework. If at all possible (i.e. if you don’t have The Most Important Assignment due Monday), do not bring your schoolwork. Chances are, you will have approximately 0 hours to actually do it. Nice things. It’s going to be muddy and messy. A gold chain and black suit will not help. Food. There will be a lot of free food on campus. You’ll get a small monetary allowance, as well as dining hall passes, which are especially helpful if you have any dietary restrictions. 2. LIVING ARRANGEMENTS You’ll get your hosting assignments soon. All hosts are asked to reach out to their prefrosh asap, so look for an email in your inbox, and email [emailprotected] if your host doesn’t respond, or if you’re having any issues with your host. Things to note about your host: No students is ever required to enter the hosting lottery, so your host is excited to meet you! Your host is your peer, so they’ll be your primary point of contact for exploring MIT, and a great resource to ask about life, academics, and anything else, without judgement or repercussions. Your host filled out a similar form to enter the hosting lottery that you did when registering for CPW. That means they likely have the same preference for the amount of time to spend with you as you did to spend with them. That said, make sure you don’t stay in your room unless you have to and meet as many other students besides your host as possible. Things to ask your host BEFORE you arrive: How they plan to meet you. Tell them how and when you’ll be getting to campus (there’s a free shuttle from the airport, fyi!). Your host will know how much time to allot for you to check in and meet you afterwards. They might also ask a friend to connect with you if they’re in class. What sleeping arrangments they have for you. Many students have sleeping bags (often given out for free from hackathon hosting gigs) or other comfortable sleeping surfaces. Make sure you ask them about this so you don’t have to carry extra stuff. How to best contact them. You might need to send them quick travel updates, so ask which way to reach them is fastest (usually text or FB messenger), and tell them what works best for you. If applicable, how they can accommodate your allergies or other needs. The major restrictions should have been sorted out with the hosting form, but it’s worth checking nevertheless. For example, you can ask if they keep their room hot or cold if you’re sensitive to temperature changes, or if their hall is clothing-optional or allows cats (note that you will not be placed on a cat hall if you indicated you were allergic). Things to ask your host AFTER you arrive: What events they recommend. They might give you some great pointers based on shared interests indicated in your hosting form, or provide intel on great off-the-books events. How often they want to check in with you, if at all. You’ll probably want to have at least one conversation with your host, which would be especially helpful at the end of the weekend. How to get into their room. Although you’ll have card access to the building, some students also lock their room doors. If your host doesn’t lock their door, and you’re uncomfortable with that, let them know right away (I got locked out of my own room when hosting once, which was awkward). What the room inhabitant(s)’ sleep schedule(s) is/are like. If you’re coming in at random times to sleep, shower etc, it’s good to anticipate when you’ll need to be quiet. Whether they’d like you to stay in touch. Your schedule will be pretty sporadic, and theirs might be too, so it might help to stay in touch throughout the day in case one of you goes to sleep early or something like that. Any lingering questions you have about life or academics. They’ve gone through at least one semester at MIT and can give you an insider’s perspective on what it’s really like. If you’re comfortable, you can even ask questions about social life topics like dating or parties or noise levels in their dorm. It might be helpful to set up a lunch with them for the end of CPW to reflect on everything you’ve seen. 3. STRATEGY AND PLANNING Don’t plan the majority of your weekend. You definitely don’t need to print out the schedule in advance and highlight the important events. The CPW moments I enjoyed most were those I went to with a group of cool people. That, in general, is a good strategy. Follow the cool people and make connections. Few pre-frosh travel alone. Although, if you want to attend some helpful academic or financial aid event, go for it. One of my most helpful CPW interactions was at the Math Department Open House. The other was when I went to play with foam swords on the rooftop of Random Hall. I would’ve never guessed I’d enjoy it, but I did immensely because of the fun crowd. CPW is about taking risks and doing unexpected things. Be open to exiting the comfort zone. Really, no one is going to judge. Talk to as many other adMITs as possible. You’ll all get name tags at check-in, which themselves are conversation starters. In general, you should feel free to talk to anyone wearing that tag. You’re all there to meet each other, and most of you won’t know anyone else. There are no cliques, no “popular kids”, and no social distinctionsâ€"you might just unexpectedly encounter your new best friend! But if you don’t make meaningful connections in one weekend, that’s fine too. You’ll have many more opportunities in the fall. Talk to the current students. Ask them about their living groups and extracurriculars. Upperclassmen have always been the best resource for me to figure out MIT life. And talking to current students is really the best  way to gauge where you’ll be most comfortable living. So when you visit the various dorms and FSILGs, make sure to talk to at least one current studentâ€"they are the only ones that can tell you what it’s like to live there, which the best way to prepare for the housing lottery in June. Try to visit all  dorms. You’ll need to rank all of them in June for the Housing Lottery. Also, don’t listen to rumors about the different dorms and FSILGs, see them for yourself. MIT’s housing system is based on cultural fit, which means that only you can decide where you should live. I was scared off visiting one of the dorms during CPW, and I really wish that wasn’t the case. Also, don’t ask students in one living group to describe other living groups. It’s the first-hand experience that matters. 4. EVENT RECOMMENDATIONS Some events are normally highlighted in the CPW booklet (or, these days, the mobile app). Those are important ones, acording to MIT, and its a good idea to attend. The schedule for 2018 isnt out yet (it will be here when it is), but the types of events remain pretty consistent, and here are some that seemed particularly helpful at discovering MIT to me: Fairs. These are great for seeing what opportunities exist at MIT and gathering free swag.You’ll get to talk to MIT faculty, students, and staff about potential things you can do at the Institute. The main ones are the Activities Fair for student groups (Sat) and Academic Expo  for departments (Fri). This year, there will also be a Mass Tech Activities Halfway for the less traditional organizations like MIT Confessions,  Memes, Timely Confessions, and MIT Onion. Admitted Student Welcome and CPW Closing Show. The former is the first time youll see all your classmates in one place! Youll get welcomed to MIT and have some quality bonding time (Ill be there too, so make sure to say hi!). The latter is a chance to see some cool MIT student performances and again get welcomed to MIT (as well as hear some glorious nerd jokes). If you’re at all interested in auditioning for a performance group or just enjoy seeing what other students are up to, the Closing is a lot of fun. And both events do an awesome job of setting the CPW mood. Residence Hall Events. In June, you will pick a living community that fits you best through the Housing Lottery. So during CPW, take the time to explore what each dorm has to offer (and stuff your face with free food!). Join a fun group of prefrosh and go. Check out the FSILG Events as well, even though you have to remain on campus for the first year and even if you can’t join a sorority/fraternity. Interact with the students in each living group. If they’re hanging out at events, they want to meet you. We won’t give you dorm recommendations during CPW, because that’s technically for Freshman Rush in August, but we’re still happy to talk about our MIT experience, and you’ll still be able to get a feel for the dorm culture. On a personal note, I invite you to stop by East Campus. We’re excited to meet you and will be grilling burgers/dyeing hair all day, plus doing other exciting stuff. LGBTQ+ Events. There is now a whole guest blog post about it! Learn how to have a queer CPW here. Academic-Research Events. These are helpful if you’ve already started thinking (worrying?) about your major and UROP prospects. Department Open Houses are generally really helpful. I loved talking to all the awesome professors at the Math Department Open House my CPW. And you’ll be sure to meet many like-minded prefrosh. Lots of prefrosh sign up for UROP tours as well. Random Recommendations. Stop by Meet the Bloggers if you want to see the people behind the avatars and eat pie with us (also helpful if youre considering being a blogger yourself). CPW A Cappella Concert  is a cool opportunity to hear all 10 MIT a cappella groups. The concert during my CPW was my first experience with a cappella, and it was magical. For a late night learning and chill session, stop by the Firehose! event and learn about anything from large numbers to Polynesian geography. There are soft cushions and passionate people. And, lastly, check out the Spinning Arts CPW Performance. Students breathing and spinning fire are guaranteed to impress. Where else could you get that experience? And thats about it for this post. Most importantly, allow CPW to be exciting and spontaneous. Be open to new friendships and knowledge. Be ready to discover something about yourself and the things you want to do in college. See your future life at MIT. We cant wait to meet you. See you soon! Post Tagged #a cappella #Fire Spinning #LGBTQ+

Using the Spanish Conjunction Y

Although the Spanish conjunction y usually is the equivalent of the English and, it also can be used in a few ways that arent exactly the way and is in English. Keep in mind that y  changes to  e when it comes before certain words. Basically, it become e when it precedes a word that begins with the i sound, such as iglesia. Using Y To Link Similar Grammatical Units Most of the time, y is used to connect two sentences or words or phrases that are the same part of speech or fulfill the same grammatical function. Thus, for example, it can join two or more nouns as well as two or more direct objects. Grammatically, y in this usage is known as a copulative. Un perro y una vaca son los protagonistas del libro. (A dog and a cow are the books main characters. Y joins two nouns.)Tà º y yo sabemos lo que es vivir tan lejos. (You and I know what it is to live so far away. Y joins two subject pronouns, although it could can join a noun and a pronoun if they are both subjects.)Cantà ¡bamos y tocà ¡bamos mejor que nadie. (We sang and we played instruments better than anybody. Y joins two verbs.)Es el mejor regalo para à ©l y ella. (Its the best gift for him and her.) ¿Por quà © ese idiota es rico y yo no? (Why is that idiot rich and Im not?)El presidente y el vicepresidente tienen un mandato de cuatro aà ±os. (The president and vice president have a four-year term.)Vi la pelà ­cula y la encontrà © buena. (I saw the film and I found it to be good.)Me duele mucho y estoy preocupada. (Im in much pain and I am worried.) If y is used to join a series of three or more entities, a comma is not used before the final entity unless needed for clarity. This is in contrast with English, where the comma is optional or a matter of; when it is used in English, it is known as the Oxford comma. Tà º, ella y yo vamos a la playa. (You, she, and I are going to the beach.)El leà ³n, la bruja y el armario fue escrito por C.S. Lewis. (The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe was written by C.S. Lewis.)Venimos, comimos, y nos fuimos. (We came, we ate, and we left.)Esa idea es estereotà ­pica, incorrecta e inautà ©ntica. (That idea is stereotypical, incorrect and inauthentic.) Y in Questions To Mean ‘What About?’ In beginning questions, y can carry the idea of what about? or how about? Although the and of English can be used the same way, the Spanish usage is much more common. No puedo nadar.  ¿Y tà º? (I cant swim. How about you?)No sabà ­a que David estaba enfermo.  ¿Y Casandra? (I didnt know David was sick. What about Casandra?) ¿Y quà ©? (So what?) ¿Y si mi hijo no se toma la medicacià ³n? (What if my son doesnt take the medication?) Y as an Indication of Contrast In some contexts, y can be used to indicate a contrast in a way that the English and standing alone doesnt. In these cases it usually can be translated by and yet or and still. Estudiaba mucho y no sabà ­a nada. She studied a lot and still didnt know anything.Juan es asesino y lo amamos. Juan is a murderer, yet we still love him.Antonio y Casandra son hermanos, pero à ©l es alto y ella es baja. (Antonio and Casandra are brother and sister, but he is tall even while she is short.) Using Y To Suggest a Large Amount As with the English and, when y connects a word or phrase that is repeated, it suggests a large, indefinite amount: Corrieron y corrieron hasta llegar a casa. (The ran and they ran until they arrived at home.)Es una ciudad muerta desde hace aà ±os y aà ±os. (It has been a dead city since years and years ago.)Mi madre estudiaba y estudiaba a todas horas. (My mother studied and studied all the time.) Key Takeaways Y is most often the direct equivalent of and, being used to join two or more works, phrases, or sentences that have the same grammatical status.Y can also be used at the beginning of a question to mean what about.In some contexts, y emphasizes the contrast between two or more grammatical entities.

Positive Role Model in the Children and Young Peoples...

Homework – 24/05/11 Write about what is a positive role model in children and young peoples work force and all about you and your job role. 400 words 100 words evaluation Include your qualities skills workplace policies and procedures. Write About What Is A Positive Role Model In Children And Young Peoples Workforce And All About You And Your Job Role. Role Models And Why They Should Be Positive. One way in which children learn is by watching and copying others. â€Å"Children learn how to behave, react to others and manage their feelings from the adults around them.† (pg. 148 Riddal-Leech) It is therefore important from birth children are given the best start in life with the example of â€Å"Positive Role Models†.†¦show more content†¦(Riddall-Leech) My Role As A Role Model I would like to start with my statement in the front of my handbook. â€Å"I aim to provide a relaxed, safe environment to care for your child and facilitate learning opportunities through play and by being a positive role model.† Being a positive role model for me in my setting is about how I act, learning opportunities/resources provided, promoting safety and well being which is reflected in my policies and procedure alongside risk assessments and how I respond to their behaviour, play, ideas and achievements. As a child minder my role is very diverse. Using the NCMA quality standards as guidance I have given a brief description of some of my roles/responsibilities and how they relate to being a positive role model. |ROLE |MAKING A POSITIVE CONTRIBUTION | |Managing Children’s Behaviour Appropriately. |Stay calm. Reward good behaviour. | | |Set positive house rules with clear boundaries. | |Promote Equality and Inclusion. |Treat every child is an individual encouraging them to develop | | |their own identity. Challenge negative remarks, attitudes and |Show MoreRelatedAssignment 034 Understand the Needs of Children and Young People Who Are Vulnerable and Experiencing747 Words   |  3 PagesAssignment 034 Understand the Needs of Children and Young People who are Vulnerable and Experiencing Poverty and Disadvantage Assignment overview Introduction The assignment forUnit 034 asks you to demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of the needs of children and young people who are vulnerable and experiencing poverty and disadvantage. 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Business Environment Hnd Free Essays

Marketing is a process used to satisfy and consider what products or services are needed by the consumers. There are many alternative definitions of marketing such as the charted institution of marketing â€Å"Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably†. The American Marketing Association believe that â€Å"Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organization goals†. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Environment Hnd or any similar topic only for you Order Now Philip Kotlerinterprets that marketing is ‘satisfying needs and wants through an exchange process the common interest in all three definitions is fulfilling customer needs and providing benefits The small business enterprise that I have chosen to discuss is called ‘Hair Today ‘this is a professional hair salon that is situated in the heart of Kentish town for over 30 years. Hair today has a total of 20 employees, including hairstylists, hair washers and administration staff, including a cashier. The salon offers many services such as styling hair, men haircuts, colouring, perming. The marketing process consists of four elements Situation Analysis, Marketing Strategy, Marketing Mix Decisions and Implementation ; Control. Situation analysis is when through an analysis the company finds the customer needs but in order to do this the company must recognise its own potential and the environment in which it is managing. Situation analysis should look at all the factors of the company such as the past where the company is now and where it should be in future. This analysis provides problems there are frameworks which help the situation analysis such as SWOT and PEST analysis. SWOT analysis refers to the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing a business The marketing strategy is to ensure the target market is being pursued. The strategy consists of segmentation, targeting and positioning the product within the target market. Marketing Mix Decisions at this stage detailed decisions are being made such as the development of the specific product, designing and producing the first pieces of the product and also pricing decisions Implementation and Control is the final stage of the marketing process the results of the marketing progress should be monitored when the market changes the market mix can also change to adapt to the consumer needs as time goes on a new product can even be produced although this is the last tage of the marketing process changes will always occur to satisfy different consumer needs Companies continue to exist by achieving their long-term goals. Market orientation helps to achieve the business goals and objectives a business which adopts market orientation thinks that it’s most important resource are its customers. The benefits of adopting market orientation for ‘Hair Today’ is that through market research the hair salon will have a strong understanding of the needs of the customer. Customer feedback is vital to the company companies tend to be too involved with the product that they forget about the general customer satisfaction for example hair salons have a wide variety of market reach and also a great deal of competition. The costs of adopting marketing orientation for ‘Hair Today’ would be the high costs for the market research this the constant internal change as needs of the customers are met. Macro environment are the outside uncontrollable factors that may affect a managers decisions this can have an effect on the company the PESTEL model framework is used. Political factors such as government policies and the economy also new laws on small businesses Political factors can have a huge effect on many areas for business like education and the quality of health care. The hairdressing industry is having difficulties recruiting although some government funding policy has helped it has a vacancy rate of 20% also the government increased the taxes for businesses this has had a huge effect. Economic factors influences marketing research such as interest rates also the changes in the economic growth and exchange rates. All businesses go through an economical ups and downs in an economic boom all businesses will benefit although if can go down and businesses can lose out. Currently hair treatment products are not considered a necessity more of a luxury so this market is dependent on how strong the economy is. Cheap credit and interest rates benefited the hair industry in the past. Social factor refers to behaviour patterns and lifestyles. Changes in consumer behaviour can also have an effect on changes in fashion . Currently we have an ageing population. Social change gives companies a understanding for the future market situation. Hair Today’ will have to keep up with the latest fashion and styles which may vary between ages. . Technological changes are the amount of new technology that is increasing electronic communications has made it easier to distribute information. Hair salons must keep up with the new trends and technology as this helps develop the company and make them more successfu l Employees will research the newest technologies in the market do some experiments use models try new haircuts if the experiments turn out to be a success it will apply to salon. Micro environment are factors which are internal this affects the business performance such as customers, competition, suppliers, public, employees and stakeholders. If a company decided to move to a public ownership they list their business in the stock market so the public can invest in the company although share holder relationships must be professionally managed to succeed long term goals. Identifying the stake holders Potential stakeholders at ‘Hair Today’ Your boss | Shareholders | Government | Senior executives | Alliance partners | Trades associations | Your co-workers | Suppliers | The press | Your team | Lenders | Interest groups | Customers | Analysts | The public | Prospective customers | Future recruits | The community | Your family | | | Some stake holders are more interested and involved than others to narrow down the people a power/interest grid is used. The grid shows that the people that have the high power and are more interested in my company these are the people who I will engage with and make great efforts to satisfy. Corporate culture determines how the employees and higher management interact these transactions occur over time. ‘ Hair Today’ has an employee friendly corporate culture it is shown by the company’s dress code, flexible working shifts , employee benefits such as employee discounts the treatment of the clients and overall client satisfaction. Porters five forces was first introduced by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979 the five forces are a framework to help businesses determine the rivalry intensity and industry profitability of a market. The five forces consists of threat of mew entrants to a market, the power of buyer, the power of the suppliers, the threat of substitute products and the competitive rivalry between already existing companies as shown in the diagram below. Segmentation is the process where larger markets are broken down to smaller segments this will make it easier to understands the wants and needs of the customers the overall outcome would be creating a marketing mix that is suited or the customers in the target segment. The four main factors of segmentation are behavioural, demographic, psychographic and geographical. Geographical segmentation is segmented by country, city or neighbourhood. Age, family size, income, occupation, education, ethnicity and religion can all be segmented demographically. Lifestyle, interests refers psychographic segmentation. Behaviour segmentation refers to customers buying behaviour, product mix also frequency of purchase the best form of segmentation is using all four factors as they all are very helpful. Hair salons have a wide variety of customers to attract therefore segmentation is very vital for this business to succeed in the future. The two products or services that Hair today will provide a bridal service to attract female customers where they will be pampered and receive a makeover the target market for this service is female aged 20-35 with a balanced income also the other product I will be proposing hair is extensions this will attract the teenage customers and women. The marketing strategy I have chosen for Hair Today is concentrated strategy focussing mainly on only one segment this can be positive for the salon because the business will have more knowledge on the particular segment. Females aged 13-19 there are many teenagers in this area which the salon is situated this is due to the schools in the area. Hair Today believe that the target segment will benefit from the service of hair extensions as this is a growing fashion although there can be a lot of competition which leads to Threat of intense segment rivalry. New salons may decide to open up this refers to the threat of new entrance also there are many products already provided in the market that teenagers can use themselves so the salon is not needed this is known as threat of substitute product. The threat of growing bargaining power of buyers is very important because the higher the charges the more likely the customers are to move to a cheaper salon. Buyer behaviour is attitudes of the customers and how often they purchase. Buying behaviour involves the process in which a customer finds a product studies the product and makes an overall decision on whether the product meets the customer’s needs and wants. The main types of buyer behaviour are consumer and industry two types of buying behaviours are   impulses purchases refers to when a purchase is made with no plan this purchase is associated with items of lower prices. Extensive decision making these are products which are higher priced such as TV and cars when customers research as much as they can they may also ask family and friends for advice or read reviews this decision making takes up a lot of time because the customer is purchasing a product that is high priced Buyer behaviour stimulus response model Buyer behaviour is essential because it makes you understand what your customer. Market research and producing surveys will help you find the customers’ needs and requirements. Social media sites are the most popular process in business marketing this allows customers to interact online and new products can get instant feedback. Many businesses introduce discounts to maintain loyal and consistent customers. Companies determine how much customers spend the products which are being sold and judging on how often customers are spending helps introduce a pricing policy for ‘Hair Today’. Hair extensions portray varied opinions some customers keep up with new trends and may want a different look however other members of the  community might find it doesn’t fit their customer needs. Hair today will start this positioning process by advertising on the internet and offering hair treatment for all types of hair also free samples of exclusive hair products. The hair industry are forever striving to keep up their image and keep their product current a change in positioning can attract new target market. References Assael, H. , Reed, P. nd Patton, M. (1995) Marketing: Principles and Strategy Harcourt-Brace, Sydney Business study guide edexcel marketing principles pp. 479-659 Habia (standard information solutions) Skills Foresight for the Hair and Beauty Sector 2007 http://www. habia. org/uploads/Skills_Foresight_2007_v. 4_-_2. 07. 07_Final. pd Lamb, W. , Hair, J. , McDaniel, C. (1998), Marketing, (4th), South-Western College Publishing, Cincinatti. Kotler, P. , Arms trong, G. , Brown, L. , Chandler, S. A. (1998), Marketing, (4th), Prentice Hall, Sydney www. businessdictionary. com How to cite Business Environment Hnd, Papers

Project Management and Culture Innovation

Question: Discuss bout the Project Management and Culture Innovation. Answer: Introduction: A project is whole work of developing a new product or service. In order to get succeeded in a project, the project managers need to manage all the activities and the team members of the project. After the post development analysis of many projects, it has been found that the projects have exceeded that the planned time and costs that was preplanned. Behind of the success and failures of the projects, the organizational culture and project culture play a vital role. The success factors of a project are associated with the project culture, organizational culture and the culture of the team members of the project. The attitudes of the managers towards the cultural management is very important in the area of a project management. In the era of globalization, the cross cultural management has gained a high level of importance to complete international projects. In this paper, the concepts of project culture and organizational culture have been analyzed in details at the beginning. Different types of factors associated with the project culture management in general have been discussed with the help of previous literature available in this area. The importance of project culture management in the international projects and different types of challenges faced in this area have been reviewed and analyzed in this paper. What are the important components of project culture and what are the possible ways to minimize the challenges regarding the project culture management? Project Culture: Project culture is a very important and influential factor for getting success in project implementation in organizations. It is actually a part of the overall organizational culture defined by the general attitude to the project within the business. Maximum projects do not implemented in separate environments. The project development activities should be operated in a business environment in a collaborative way. The project culture has great impacts on the strategic planning, management, implementation and all other necessary activities of the project. According to Yazici and Hulya Julie, the project culture determines the way of interacting and supporting each other in a project development phase for achieving the corporate goal of the project. In this context, Larson et al. mentioned that commitment of the employees towards the achievement of the project goals are influenced by the overall culture of the organization and the project. This also has significant level of influence on the whole planning process of the project and the estimation of the required resources for the project. After concluding all the viewpoints of the researchers in this topic, it can be said that the overall management and evaluation of the projects by the project managers is highly affected by the project and organizational culture. As per Henrie et al., co-operative culture is the most wanted one for supporting each other in a project development team. The interface between the project managers and the line managers should be efficient enough for getting the desired level of success in a project development. In a co-operative culture of project development, both the line managers and the project managers are responsible for establishing a good culture for the project development and to built high level of trust among the employees. Schwalbe and Kathy mentioned another important aspect of the project culture, which are the organizational tools and principles. The project management methodology must be aligned with these. Organizational Culture: Organizational culture is one of the most responsible attributes of the working environment and the prime force for driving a business of an organization. It is associated with the method of realizing the tasks, setting the goals of business activities and guiding the people for achieving the objectives of the business of the organization. The organizational culture affects the decision making approach, thinking and feeling of the employees regarding the workplace activities. The project culture is the part of the organizational culture. Crawford and Kent mentioned that culture is rooted in the people and affects their behaviour. In the workplace of an organization, the overall organizational culture get influenced by the individual culture of the employees. The culture is formed by a set of values such as beliefs, values, norms, thinking methods, way of understanding, attitudes and tradition of the people. In the area of project management, the organizational culture influence the way of selecting people for the managing the projects, the way of thinking and setting the objectives of the project work and the methodology chosen for completing the project. According to Mir et al., the way of getting succeeded in the organizational business activities the individual culture of the employees should be respected. However, the employees need to work within a unique organizations developed in an efficient way by managing all the factors related to the peoples individual cultures. Cultural Differences in Project Teams: In most of the cases, it can be found that people with different cultural backgrounds are working in a same project. In this type of case, managing the cultural differences in the project teams is a vital job of the project managers. They are needed to clarify the cultural differences also for facilitating their understanding for enhancing the team performance of the project. Discussion of the extremes of cultures and stereotypes may be helpful for understanding these cultures. The different aspect of the cultural difference management in the project teams are described in the section given below: Power Distance: This attribute describes the degree to which the members of the organization with less power can be accept and expect that the power has been distributed unequally within the organization. The fundamental problem faced in this context is the degree of inequality of the human, which underlies the functions of each of the particular society. The attitudes and values are mostly found at the time of contrasting low-PDI countries with high-PDI countries at the national level. This is mostly found in case of international projects. Uncertainty Avoidance: This refers to the degree of cultural fact that the members are comfortable or uncomfortable in unknown, novel, surprising or unstructured situations regarding the project management settings. It is also associated with the degree to which the society tries to control the situations. Individualism and Collectivism: This factor refers to the extent to which individuals are expected to look after themselves for remaining integrated into groups. Individualism refres to the tendency of looking after only about themselves and the collectivism refers to the tendency of looking after the whole group. Generally, the project management activities are group works, where great level of support from the team members is required. In order to get the desired level of success in the project development work, the collectivism is required among the team members. Convergers and Divergers: These two attributes of culture are different in many aspects. According to (), convergers are mostly try to work in the manageable framework and with well-defined problems. They tend to find out one best solution for the workplace problems. In the area of problem solving they try to use the general ideas. The problems and objectives of the activities are non-specific, but convergers try to use the specific solutions. They are good at using the conventional methods for concluding one best solution for the workplace problems. The way of thinking of these people are more analytical and focused on the information gathering for identifying the well known factors of the problems and scope of applying a known set of techniques to solve those. They focus on some specific parts of the problem rather than thinking about the whole picture of the problem. They are able to manipulating the abstract solutions for the different types of problems. Basically they give the focus on the pattern of pro blems and try to solve the similar types of problematic situations at their workplace. On the other hand, the divergers have the ability of working on unstructured and vague problems. They try to find to best possible solution from a set of alternative solutions. They try to understand the root of the problematic situations and develop several alternative solutions for solving one specific problem. According to Hill and Gerard, the divergers are more creative and their substantiality is also better regarding the problem solving techniques. The thinking method of these people are more synthetic and use the combination of several process of problem solving method. They used to try open ended tests for solving the difficult problems. Liu et al. also mentioned the creativity of the divergers as they are able to develop and use several ways of problem solving for one problem. The divergers are associated with continuous learning as they work regarding different types of new problems in the area of the workplace problem solving. In the practical field of the project management, the employees need to face different steps of problems. The problems cannot be expected before the occurrence at the practical field. In this context, the project managers need to understand the convergers and divergers at the project development team. They need to assign the members according to the types of the problems for solving. Divergers are able to solve the difficult and unknown problems by applying their ability of critical thinking. If the problems are well defined and follow a similar pattern, then the convergers are able to solve the problems within short time period. Cultural Management of International Projects: Shields et al. have distinguished between the cultural pattern at three different levels. The levels are organizational, professional and national level. In the context of globalization, the cultural aspects expand over the national boundaries. When the project management works are associated with different organizations and people with different types of nationalities, then the cultural aspects like the PDI, individualism and collectivism affect the sustainability of the projects. The concept of the convergers and divergers also has some crucial impact over the project management at the international level. As an example of this fact, have argued that American and Europeans have different types of thinking ways. The method of thinking of the Americans can be considered as the convergers and the thinking way of the Europeans as divergers. As discussed in the earlier section of the paper, both the divergers and convergers are used in the project management. However, it is quite diffic ult to manage the project culture in the international projects. The international project management works consist of team members with different national culture. According to Anantatmula, Vittal, and Parviz Rad, the important factors of the international project culture are: cultural awareness or knowledge of the project management professionals and empirical research on the culture of the project management professionals. Jeston, John, and Johan Nelis have said regarding the outsourcing of the IT projects. The outsourcing of the these projects is highly associated relevance of culture and underlying factors that are associated with the general project management context. Training and Motivation of Multi-Cultural Project Teams: According to Baa, Amndio, and Jos Marques, one of the primary causes of misunderstanding in between the members of the project team is essentially the differences in cultural and social practices that exist between them. On the other hand, Carvalho et al. has commented that such misunderstandings tend to reach the peak, often affecting the progress of the project in consideration, when employees belonging to non western cultures are made to work with those who belong to the western society. Researcher Gido, Jack, and James seconds the ideas expressed by the authors mentioned above. In his scholarly article, the author describes a situation that he experienced in China. The author speaks: it was difficult to get participants to answer to questions in class. Although the scenario appeared to be quite strange to those belonging to the western society, the Chinese are used to with the policy of prioritizing groups way above individuals and thus do not express their interests in such activities that might highlight an individual over the others. The author has also pointed out the strategy that can be effectively utilized in such circumstances: any project activity, instead of being assigned to an individual, should be assigned to an entire group. On the other hand, researchers Hill and Gerard point out the fact that in the regions that lie Sub-Saharan Africa, the extended family is considered as one of the essential parts of the work culture. However, the researchers have also pointed out the fact that although the influence of this very concept is not much beneficial to organizations that conduct business in this region, yet all training facilities made available to the workers are developed while considering this factor. Thus, it can be said that the motivation and training facilities are available to the members of multi cultural project teams require to consider the cultural traits of the team members. Challenges in International Project Management: This section of the essay would highlight those challenges that are experienced by managers in charge of international projects. The task of developing an unified team is the first and foremost challenge that the higher management of an international project experiences. The authors are of the opinion that the most challenging issue lies in the process of making the dispersed team work together in spite of the differences in geographical locations and time domains. Besides, making the team members support each other in troubled situations (all the while working from remote locations and not pointing fingers at each other) before difficult when the team members are practically unknown to each other. On the other hand, researches () consider the maintenance of effective communication processes as one of the most commonly indentified issues associated with international projects. The researchers are of the opinion that maintaining efficient and fast communication processes in between the members of an international project becomes difficult due to the very fact that the members of the team besides being located in distant locations, also speak in different locations. Language is indeed one of the strongest barrier to the process of effective communication in between the members of a dispersed project team, but it is definitely not the single one. Along with language, the differences in the cultural practices of the team members affect the communication process to a considerable extent. Researchers Kerzner, and Harold point out that the working hours of professionals operating in the non western countries are significantly longer than that of those who work in the European nations or in the US. Thus, effective communication and collaborative work procedures are indeed affected significantly due to the differences in the working culture that exist in between the said regions. On the other hand, researchers Binder and Jean have commented that even in cases in which the above mentioned cases can be avoided, there exists one particular challenge that is near about impossible to overcome. The authors say that members of dispersed international project teams indeed experience huge differences in time domains, thus making the task of making arrangements for team meetings significantly difficult. According to Henrie, Morgan and Andres, the primary difference that lies in between members of an international and dispersed project is that of the differences in culture existing at the various locations at which they are based. The authors have also commented that in spite of being the most important factor that leads to other differences, much effort has yet not been noticed in avoiding the same. Conclusion: Project culture is one of the most important factors that affect the development and management of various types of projects. As per the analysis of many researchers it can be said that the project culture is an integrated part of the overall organizational culture of the organization. The individual culture and attitudes of the members of a project development team are the important parts of the project management activities. Different factors of the project culture are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, convergence, divergence, individualism and collectivism. The project managers should manage these cultural factors properly for fulfilling the project objectives. As per the analysis of this report, it can be concluded that the project culture management in the international project is very difficult as there exist project team members from various national cultural background. It has been also found that the culture and behavior of the project team members is highly associated with the nationality. Because of these issue, same type of project management methodology cannot be applied in a different project with national difference without checking the compatibility of the culture of the nations. This is basically associated with the convergence and divergence tendency of the project team members of different nations. In this area, he project managers have the high level of responsibility regarding the selection of the members for solving the different types of workplace problems with their ability of critical thinking. References: Ajmal, Mian M., and Kaj U. Koskinen. Knowledge transfer in projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based organizations: an organizational culture perspective.Project Management Journal39, no. 1 2008: 7-15. Anantatmula, Vittal, and Parviz Rad. Linkages among project management maturity, PMO, and project success. InEngineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE) IEEE International Technology Management Conference, 2013 International Conference on, pp. 1-12. IEEE, 2013. Atkinson, Roger, Lynn Crawford, and Stephen Ward. Fundamental uncertainties in projects and the scope of project management.International journal of project management24, no. 8 2016: 687-698. Baa, Amndio, and Jos Marques. The Influence of Culture on Project Management-Case Study: Brica Portugal.International Journal of Arts Sciences7, no. 6, 2014: 705. Binder, Jean.Global project management: communication, collaboration and management across borders. CRC Press, 2016. Carvalho, Marly Monteiro, Leandro Alves Patah, and Digenes de Souza Bido. Project management and its effects on project success: Cross-country and cross-industry comparisons.International Journal of Project Management33, no. 7, 2015: 1509-1522. Crawford, J. Kent.Project management maturity model. CRC Press, 2014. Gido, Jack, and James P. Clements.Successful project management. Nelson Education, 2014. Henrie, Morgan E., and Andres Sousa-Posa. Project management: a cultural literary review. Project Management Institute, 2015. Hill, Gerard M.The complete project management office handbook. CRC Press, 2013. Jeston, John, and Johan Nelis.Business process management. Routledge, 2014. Kerzner, Harold R.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Larson, Erik W., and Clifford F. Gray. Project management: The managerial process. 2012. Liu, Junying, Fanye Meng, and Richard Fellows. An exploratory study of understanding project risk management from the perspective of national culture.International Journal of Project Management33, no. 3, 2015: 564-575. Mir, Farzana Asad, and Ashly H. Pinnington. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International Journal of Project Management32, no. 2, 2014: 202-217. Morris, Peter WG.Reconstructing project management. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Pemsel, Sofia, and Anna Wiewiora. Project management office a knowledge broker in project-based organisations.International Journal of Project Management31, no. 1, 2013: 31-42. Pinto, Jeffrey K.Project management: achieving competitive advantage. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2012. Schwalbe, Kathy.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning, 2015. Shields, Patricia M., and Nandhini Rangarajan.A playbook for research methods: Integrating conceptual frameworks and project management. New Forums Press, 2013. Unger, Barbara N., Johannes Rank, and Hans Georg Gemnden. Corporate innovation culture and dimensions of project portfolio success: The moderating role of national culture.Project Management Journal45, no. 6. 2014: 38-57. Wiewiora, Anna, Glen Murphy, Bambang Trigunarsyah, and Kerry Brown. Interactions Between Organizational Culture, Trustworthiness, and Mechanisms for Interà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Project Knowledge Sharing.Project Management Journal45, no. 2, 2014: 48-65. Yazici, Hulya Julie. The role of project management maturity and organizational culture in perceived performance.Project Management Journal40, no. 3 2012: 14-33. Young, Trevor L.Successful project management. Vol. 52. Kogan Page Publishers, 2013.

Landscape Architecture As A Career Essays - Architecture

Landscape Architecture as a Career A landscape architect is an individual who arranges and modifies the effects of natural scenery over a tract of land so as to produce the best aesthetic effect for the land^?s use. Landscape architecture is the design profession which applies artistic, cultural, and scientific knowledge to the design, planning, and development of the land. Landscape architects accept certain responsibilities related to the health and welfare of the public and are concerned with resource conservation of the land. The practice of landscape architecture requires an appreciation and understanding of natural and social processes, a creative imagination, and a commitment to preserve or improve the environment for human use and enjoyment. Landscape architects plan the most harmonious relationships between the land and the objects on it by proper combination of open space and planting, and by wise use of land formation (Concise 151). They may work on parks, gardens, housing projects, school campuses, golf courses, or airports. They begin a project by reviewing the needs and desires of the client. They study the site, mapping such features as the slope of the land, existing structures and the type of soil. They check local building codes and availability of utilities, make drawings which outline the work in detail, and draw up lists of materials to be used. They then invite bids from construction companies and landscape nursery companies. With the awarding of the contracts, their work may be finished, or they may stay on to supervise the work as their client's representative (151). A major branch of landscape architecture, golf course architecture, integrates the skills of a landscape architect on a larger scale. The aim a golf course architect is to create a truly great golf course by utilizing to the fullest extent possible the potential of a promising piece of land (Golfplan 1). This potential is expressed in the site's location, slope, vegetation, water features, soil types, climate and orientation. The role a golf course architect is the realization of this potential under the constraints of design criteria that separate the truly great golf course from the ordinary (1). Landscape architecture, the science and art of modifying land areas by organizing natural, cultivated, or constructed elements according to an aesthetic plan (Encarta 1). The elements include topographical features such as hills, valleys, rivers, and ponds; and growing things such as trees, shrubbery, grass, and flowers; and constructions such as buildings, terraces, roads, bridges, fountains, and statuary. No unalterable rules exist in landscape architecture because each plot of ground offers unique problems caused by variation in contour, climate, and surrounding areas (1). As early as the third millennium BC, the Egyptians planted gardens within the walled enclosures surrounding their homes (Encarta 2). In Mesopotamia, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders of the World. In ancient Greece, sacred groves were preserved as the habitats of divinities. Greek houses included a walled court or garden usually surrounded by a colonnade. In 5th-Century BC, Athens public gardens and colonnaded walks attached to the Academy (school) and the Lyceum (gymnasium) were much frequented by philosophers and their disciples (2). Domestic architecture in the first half of the 20th Century attempted to achieve a closer integration of the house with it^?s surroundings, as seen in the works of Sven Markelius in Sweden, Alvar Aalto in Finland, and Frank Lloyd Wright in the United States (Encarta 5). The worldwide economic depression between the two world wars forced a shift from domestic settings to large-scale public works, in which landscape architects and planners worked together on entire communities, regional areas, and vast state and national projects. The proliferation of shopping malls, new suburbs, cultural centers, revitalized urban cores, and new educational facilities, has given landscape architects in the later decades of this century unparalleled opportunities to refine their art and to create new forms. They have become, in conjunction with their colleagues in architecture, engineering, planning, and public office, the shapers of both the future and the present physical environment (Encarta 5). The origin of today^?s profession of landscape architecture can be traced to the early treatments of outdoor space by successive ancient cultures, from Persia and Egypt through Greece and

How to Use It Depends in Conversation

How to Use It Depends in Conversation In conversation, it is not always possible to give a yes or no answer to a question about our opinion. Life is not always black or white! For example, imagine you are having a conversation about your study habits. Someone might ask you: Do you study hard? You might want to say: Yes, I study hard. However, that statement might not be 100% true. A more accurate answer might be: It depends on which subject Im studying. If Im studying English, then yes I study hard. If Im studying math, I dont always study hard. Of course, the answer, Yes, I study hard. might be truthful as well. Answering questions with it depends allows you to answer questions with more nuance. In other words, using it depends lets you say in which cases something is true and which cases false. There are a few different grammar forms involved when using it depends. Take a look at the following structures. Be sure to carefully note when to use It depends on ..., It depends if ..., It depends on how /what / which / where, etc., or simply It depends. Yes or No? It Depends The most simple answer is a sentence stating It depends. After this, you can follow up by stating yes and no conditions. In other words, the meaning of the phrase: It depends. If it is sunny - yes, but if it is rainy - no. It depends if the weather is good or not. Another common conversational reply to a yes / no question is It depends. Sometimes, yes. Sometimes, no. However, as you can imagine answering a question with this doesnt provide much information. Here is a short dialogue as an example: Mary: Do you enjoy playing golf?Jim: It depends. Sometimes yes, sometimes no. Answering the question with a more complete version provides more information: Mary: Do you enjoy playing golf?Jim: It depends. If I play well - yes, but if I play badly - no. It depends on noun / noun clause One of the most common ways to use it depends is with the preposition on. Be careful to not use another preposition! I sometimes hear It depends about... or It depends from ... these are both incorrect. Use It depends on with a noun or noun phrase, but not with a full clause. For example: Mary: Do you like Italian food?Jim: It depends on the restaurant. OR Mary: Do you like Italian food?Jim: It depends on the type of restaurant. It depends on how adjective subject verb A similar usage that takes a full clause is It depends on how plus an adjective followed by adjective and full clause. Remember that a full clause takes both the subject and verb. Here are a few examples: Mary: Are you lazy?Jim: It depends on how important the task is to me. Mary: Are you a good student?Jim: It depends on how difficult the class is. It depends on which / where / when / why / who subject verb Another similar use of It depends on is with questions words. Follow It depends on with a question word and a full clause. Here are a few examples: Mary: Are you usually on time?Jim: It depends on when I get up. Mary: Do you like buying gifts?Jim: It depends on who the gift is for. It depends if clause Finally, use it depends with an if clause to express conditions for whether something is true or not. Its common to end the if clause with or not.   Mary: Do you spend a lot of money?Jim: It depends if Im on vacation or not.

Executive summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Executive summary - Essay Example There is also a problem in where one is not in a position to draw up a clear investment plan with limited finances. All these problems emanate from the failure to have a tool where one can account for daily expenditures and income. The end solution, therefore, is to invent a tool that facilitates evaluation of the financial inputs and outputs incurred on a daily basis. To gather the information, academic journals were analyzed. Data collection did entail utilization of a cross-sectional survey, using the questionnaires. Information was also the journals tend to explain some of the challenges and drawbacks that a person may face while budgeting. They also give a clear guideline on the steps to draw an effective budget. Theoretical studies did indicate that the business is subject to undergoing various steps in its operational life. All the steps have different financial demands and unless budgeting is done effectively, it is prone to failure. Personal expenses also stand a gap in the success of a business. Therefore, budgeting of the expenses is equally important. Lewis, Kristen, and Sarah Burd-Sharps.  The Measure of America 2010-2011: Mapping Risks and Resilience. New York: A joint publication of the Social Science Research Council and New York University Press, 2010. Internet

Evaluation of Starbucks in global environment Essay

Evaluation of Starbucks in global environment - Essay Example Starbucks, named after the first mate in Herman Melville’s Moby Dick, is the world’s leading retailer, roaster and brand of specialty coffee with millions of customer visits per week at stores in North America, Europe, Middle East, Latin America and the Pacific Rim. Starbucks stores may be found in urban and suburban areas, as well as many rural communities worldwide. An expanded number of Drive Thru and Off-Highway stores also provide a convenient alternative for our customers (Starbucks coffee, 2008). Starbucks purchases and roasts high-quality whole bean coffees and sells them along with fresh, rich-brewed, Italian style espresso beverages, a variety of pastries and confections, and coffee-related accessories and equipment - primarily through its company-operated retail stores. In addition to sales through our company-operated retail stores, Starbucks sells whole bean coffees through a specialty sales group and supermarkets. Additionally, Starbucks produces and sells bottled Frappuccino ® coffee drink and a line of premium ice creams through its joint venture partnerships and offers a line of innovative premium teas produced by its wholly owned subsidiary, Tazo Tea Company. The Companys objective is to establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand in the world (Starbucks.com). Starbucks is dedicated to contributing positively to the communities in which it does business. The company recognizes the relationship between its success and the strength and vitality of the communities where it operates. Investing in communities is not only the right thing to do; it is also part of the Starbucks culture. At all levels of the organization, Starbucks partners strive to be good neighbors and active contributors in communities (Starbucks coffee, 2008). In spring 1995, Frappuccino ® blended beverage was introduced to Starbucks line of beverages. In summer 2004, Starbucks premiered Frappuccino ® Light blended coffee beverages in response to

Coâ€occurring Disorders and Their Impact on Addiction

Co–occurring Disorders and Their Impact on Addiction Deborah A. Young Introduction Comorbidity, is a part of the addiction that is widely overlooked by counselors and those that treat the addicted persons. Meaning that it is more than likely not treated, mainly in part due to the lack of properly trained professionals that can recognize as Capuzzi Stauffer put it, for a client to present with a single addiction, without a coexisting addiction or addictions, or coexisting psychiatric disorders would be the exception rather than the rule. Keywords: Comorbidity, Addiction, Treatment, Substance Abuse Most persons that have been diagnosed with critical mental illness issues are also substance abusers. Alcohol and drugs exacerbate the levels of the mental illness, mainly because a person uses any mind altering substance has a sensitivity to the substance of choice, most with mental illness use different substances to self medicate and/or deal with different situations and symptoms. This is not what one would want to do because it is a temporary fix at best, and it leaves the client looking for and wanting the same effects that brought them to the point of abusing the substance in the first place. Co – Occurring Disorders Persons with co – occurring disorder main interference with treatment is their feelings, meaning the types of behaviors that lead up to their addictions. In Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) series No. 43 it states These symptoms may indicate either underlying co-occurring disorders that would be present regardless of substance use (i.e. Independent or primary disorders). Identifiable co- occurring disorders may be identified at the time of admission to an OTP and it is possible or the disorders to present themselves during MAT (medication assisted treatment). The MAT providers must be able to tell the difference between those with co-occurring disorders and be able to know the type and be exact with their diagnosis if not addressed in the right manner, this could cause problems and hinder the client recovery and could as well cause major setbacks in the recovery of the client. The need for a precise assessment of the disorder and a timely intervention with the right thera pies in place, both psychiatric and therapy for substance abuse, will help the professional as well as the client to give and have a more effective treatment plan. Symptoms Psychology Today says, Substance abuse is, a maladaptive pattern of substance use manifested by recurrent and significant adverse consequences related to the repeated use of substances. Individuals who abuse substances may experience such harmful consequences of substance use as repeated failure to fulfill roles for which they are responsible, legal difficulties, or social and interpersonal problems. It is important to note that the chronic use of an illicit drug still constitutes a significant issue for treatment even when it does not meet the criteria for substance abuse. (Saxon Calsyn, 1995). Symptomatic relapse, hospitalizations, financial problems, social isolation, family problems, homelessness, suicide, violence, and some not always talked about schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. There are many more that can and will complicate the treatment of a co-occurring disorder, if misdiagnosed and the professionals are not aware or are un- learned in dealing with those that are not just addicted but suffering from co-occurring disorders. It is important that the professional that is going to treat this type of addict, must be familiar with the signs and symptoms of one with co – occurring disorders, treatment is much more challenging than that of the addict that does not suffer from this type of disorder. The Ritual Stage of Addiction. The ritual stage of addiction is perhaps the most dangerous part of addiction, to the health of the addict causes physical harm as well as having a great impact on their psychological well being. After all addictions are a behavior so to try to stop an addiction one faces many challenges. The ritual stage is where the user uses a process to obtain, use and react to their drug of choice. This is the point where the addict becomes fully consumed in his/her addiction and the things that are related to their abuse. Obtaining, using, and responding which turns into a habitual cycle, which becomes repetitious this is the way that the addict achieves their psychological satisfaction. Clear understanding of the ritual and the reasons why to end the rituals, and that is best done when the addict is no longer psychologically dependant on the substance and all dependence to the drug and its effects are no longer present the person can then move ahead in their quest for sobriety. Addiction is addiction, it doesnt matter what it is, sex, gambling, eating, all of these have the same common premise and that is to make the body or mind feel better, to mask whatever pain exist, or to better (so they think), deal with the problems they are facing. Which does not the source of addiction important, but the mind set of the person that is important and the reasoning behind using. Impact of Addiction in Society. Most, in fact, all that are addicted have a negative impact on society as a whole, from higher crime rates, to the families that are broken and lost. There is a high toll on those that the addict comes into contact with. The family suffers because they have to learn to live with the addict they have to basically change their lifestyles to accommodate the addict as well as the family unit suffers financially, the love is gone and the selfish ways take over and leave his family struggling to deal with the aftermath of the addicted persons behavior. The public as a whole feels the wrath of the addict through the penal system this not only causes the community pain because of the actions of the addict, some steal and violate homes to achieve what they need in order to obtain the high that they are looking for, in turn they are punished with jail, most are indigent and therefore, in order for them to be in the system the state and taxpayers must pay for their care and their time that they must stay incarcerated, and most do not receive any types of treatment which means they come back out without the proper resources and go right back to what they were doing that got them there in the first place.The work place would also have negative impact, addiction in the workplace is more common place than realiazed, nurses and doctors for instance, this is a recipie for danger and disaster, they impact the medical field negatively because after all you go to them for help. According to NBC News.com Doctors and Nurses go for years under he radar and are treating patients as they are under the influence of the very drugs they prescribe to the patients that need them (Magrath, 2010). It’s a dangerous and scary thought that the person you trust to treat you may just be addicted to drugs and or alcohol. References Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Addiction in Opioid Treatment Programs. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2005. (Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 43.) Chapter 12. Treatment of Co-Occurring Disorders. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64163/M. (Year). Article Title. Journal Title, McGrath, T. (Writer) (2010). Addicted Docs Put Patients in Peril [Television series episode]. In Mens Health. New York, NY: NBC. Retrieved from http://www.nbcnews.com Saxon, A., Calsyn, D. (1995). Effects of psychiatric care for dual diagnosis patients treated in a drug dependence clinic. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. , 21(03), 303-313. Retrieved from http://www.psychologytoday.com/

Factors Contributing To The Energy Balance Environmental Sciences Essay

The Earth is a physical system working a changeless symbiotic relationship with the Sun in keeping the energy balance. Ideally the planet resides in equilibrium, being that the addition of incoming energy from the Sun is equal to the loss of surpassing energy from the Earth. However, over the past 400 old ages at that place are definite fluctuations in the energy balance due to a figure of human and natural factors. The top of the ambiance represents the barrier of which most of the energy base on ballss, the composing of the Earth ‘s ambiance plays a critical function in the changing energy budget as semisynthetic pollution and green-house gas emanations alter the sum of energy entrance and go outing the Earth ‘s ambiance. Other more natural factors such as the fluctuation in the Earth ‘s orbit and fluctuations in ocean circulation besides contribute in changing energy budgets. Following this will be a comprehensive rating of how different homo and natural factors contribute to fluctuations in the energy balance of the Earth over the past 400 old ages. components2.gifFigure1 Figure1, taken from the NASA web site, represents a simplified diagram of the how incoming solar energy enters the ambiance and is dispersed on it ‘s journey to the Earth ‘s surface, accordingly how energy is reflected back to the upper ambiance. Table1: Earth ‘s additions and losingss of radiationEarth ‘s SurfaceAdditionsLosingss51 Visible from Sun 7 Conduction, Convection 96 IR from atmosphere 23 Vaporization 117 IR radiationcyberspace: 147cyberspace: 147Table1 shows the per centum of the radiation going into and off from the Earth. As shown in the tabular array the net radiation, although equal, do non add up to 100 % and this is because nursery gases trap radiation hence doing the temperature addition. tsi_vs_temp.gifFigure2 Obviously depicted in figure2 the planetary temperature shows a important addition during the early twentieth century. This addition in temperature is frequently related to a widespread happening, which poses a menace to society and the environment, known as planetary heating. Global heating is a human-induced phenomenon that affects the planet in many ways ; in relevancy to this try the chief focal point will center upon how planetary heating influences the energy balance. â€Å" Analyzing the yesteryear can potentially inform our apprehension of what the hereafter may keep, † said Michael Mann, Professor of weather forecasting, Penn State. With that said, many have researched on the addition in planetary heating following a timeline and the consequences were amazing. By the early twentieth century there has been an dismaying addition in planetary temperatures due to an addition of green house gases into the atmosphere chiefly stemming from semisynthetic pollution from auto fumess and mills to call a few wrongdoers. An unnaturally produced chemical CFC ; a end point from human activities such as transit, constructing warming and chilling, the industry of cement and other goods, when released to the ambiance thins the ozone bed leting harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun to come in the ambiance hence by and large increasing the atmospheric temperature. The nursery gasses ; methane, C dioxide, and azotic oxide, which increases in concentrati on due to the combustion of fossil fuels absorb infrared radiation ensuing once more in an addition in temperature, ergo planetary heating partly constitutes in the acute addition in the energy budget showed by the important addition ( figure2 ) in the beginning of the twentieth century. On a more natural note maculas may besides lend in the Earth ‘s changing energy budget. Recent satellite measurings of solar brightness, analyzed by Willson ( 1997 ) show an addition from the old rhythm of macula activity to the current one, bespeaking that the Earth is having more energy from the Sun. Willson predicts that if the current rate of addition of solar irradiance continues in this form until the mid twenty-first century, the surface temperatures will increase by about 0.5i‚ °C. This is little, but non a negligible fraction of the expected nursery warming. A Which in the larger image poses as a factor to the addition in the energy balance. figpredic24-1.jpg Figure3: Showing the sun topographic point activity in given old ages. Bottom diagram with a predicted increased as proposed by Wilson. The Albedo Effect is a polar component in the contemplation and soaking up of radiation, because of this land screen is one finding factor in the energy balance. Since the industrial revolution human activities have altered the nature of land screen around the Earth, chiefly through croplands, grazing lands and woods. These human constructed landforms modify the brooding belongingss of ice and snow, which makes it more likely for an addition in solar radiation to be reflected from the Earth ‘s surface, therefore a negative forcing as an addition of energy is forced out. Earthshine_2004.gifFigure4: Albedo anomalousnesss reconstructed from ISCCP orbiter informations ( black ) andA Earthshine-observed reflective power anomalousnesss ( blue ) . The right manus perpendicular graduated table shows negative radiative forcing ( eg – chilling ) ( Palle 2004 ) . Articles that focus on the overarching scientific discipline precedences of the EOS Terra mission emphasis that when flora is cleared from land surfaces ( such as in deforestation or agricultural combustion ) , the bare surface reflects more sunlight back to infinite and there is a net chilling consequence. But, there is besides a counter productive nursery gas consequence that comes from deforestation and biomass burning-the release of C dioxide, every bit good as riddance of flora that would otherwise absorb C dioxide from the ambiance during photosynthesis. While deforestation/reforestation may take topographic point on one-year to decadal clip graduated tables, the life-time of C dioxide in the ambiance is 50 to more than 100 old ages. Consequently, the solar coefficient of reflection chilling and nursery gas warming due to biomass firing take topographic point at really different clip graduated tables, taking to an initial chilling followed subsequently by a warming tendency. Some human activities may lend in positive radiative forcing for case with aircrafts. Aircrafts produce a relentless additive trail of condensation, which appears as condensation trails that signifier cirrhus clouds of which reflects solar radiation and absorb infrared radiation. Linear condensation trails from planetary aircraft operations have increased Earth ‘s cloud cover and are estimated to do a little positive radiative forcing. Variations of clime over the past 500,000 old ages have been analyzed from fluctuations in the composing of deposits at different deepnesss below the bed of the Indian Ocean. ( Pittock 1978 ) A complementary cause as suggested by Linacre and Geerts ( 2002, 2003 ) might be the fluctuation of Sun/Earth distance ( due to the Earth ‘s orbit ) impacting the Sun ‘s gravitative pull on the swirling of the Earth ‘s liquid, magnetic nucleus. The resulting alterations in the Earth ‘s magnetic attraction would change our ambiance ‘s susceptibleness to the solar air current of charged atoms from the Sun. This change of susceptibleness is necessarily another of course induced factor for the changing energy balance as this gravitative pull occurs in different timeframes. Henrik Svensmark from Danish National Space Institute, says that cosmic radiation may impact cloud formation, which, in bend, affects the Earth ‘s energy balance. Variations in cosmic radiation can be big and rapid. He has analysed in item some events with particularly rapid and big decreases in cosmic radiation, and saw that cloud formation in these events well lessenings, but with a hold of 5-6 yearss. Cosmic radiation at nowadays is remarkably high, and will likely shortly diminish. If the theory is right, this should be followed by decreased cloud formation globally. The planetary temperature should besides diminish, since clouds are considered to hold a greater retarding consequence on the Earth ‘s long moving ridge outward radiation than they have on the incoming short moving ridge radiation. ( Nohrstedt, 2006 ) Therefore making a positive forcing. Aerosol atoms influence radiative forcing straight through contemplation and soaking up of solar and infrared radiation in the ambiance. Some aerosols cause a positive forcing while others cause a negative forcing. The direct radiative forcing summed over all aerosol types is negative. Aerosols besides cause a negative radiative forcing indirectly through the alterations they cause in cloud belongingss. The most dramatic alteration in aerosol-produced coefficient of reflection comes when major volcanic eruptions eject material really high into the ambiance. Rain typically clears aerosols out of the ambiance in a hebdomad or two, but when stuff from a violent volcanic eruption is projected far above the highest cloud, these aerosols typically influence the clime for about a twelvemonth or two before falling into the troposphere and being carried to the surface by precipitation. Major volcanic eruptions can therefore do a bead in average planetary surface temperature of about half a de gree Celsius that can last for months or even old ages. This of class contributing as a natural factor in the changing energy balance as volcanic eruptions occur at different clip periods. Water vapor is the most abundant nursery gas, and is by far the most powerful absorber of infrared radiation. As a consequence it is responsible for most of the Earth ‘s natural nursery consequence. Therefore the addition of planetary heating can non be entirely blamed on human activities, as human emanations are minuscule compared to the vaporization of oceans, which take up about 70 % of the Earth ‘s surface. With an addition in planetary heating leads to an addition in the soaking up of radiation which in bend leads to an addition in the energy budget. Fig_9.2_Temperature_changes_relative_to_the_corresponding_average_for_1901-1950.jpg Figure5: Temperature alterations relative to the corresponding norm for 1901-1950 ( A °C ) from decennary to decennary from 1906 to 2005 over the Earth ‘s continents, every bit good as the full Earth, planetary land country and the planetary ocean ( Beginning: IPCC 2007 ) Therefore in decision the fluctuations in the energy balance of the Earth over the last 400 old ages have seen an addition as contributed by both natural and human factors. Different factors have different impacts on the energy balance as discussed in this essay. The negative and positive radiative forcings have to be taken into history, as properties of the different factors, both human and natural, in order to understand the root of the chemical and physical alterations that modify the radiation transportation entrance and surpassing from the Earth ‘s surface which necessarily leads to a changing energy budget over the past centuries.